Aromatic Toolbox

Bromination
			Name: Bromination of benzene Type: Electrophilic substitution Temperature: room temp (298K = 25°C) Pressure: 1 atm (atmospheric pressure) Homologous series - of reactant: Arene - of product: Bromoarene By-products: HBr (aq) = hydrobromic acid or HBr (g) = hydrogen bromide gas
benzene	liquid bromine iron(III) bromide catalyst or iron metal catalyst	bromobenzene

Chlorination
			Name: Chlorination of benzene Type: Electrophilic substitution Temperature: room temp (298K = 25°C) Pressure: 1 atm Homologous series - of reactant: Arene - of product: Chloroarene By-products: HCl (aq) = hydrochloric acid or HCl (g) = hydrogen chloride gas
benzene	gaseous chlorine aluminium chloride catalyst	chlorobenzene

Nitration
			Name: Diazotisation Type: Electrophilic substitution Temperature: less than 55°C Pressure: 1 atm Homologous series - of reactant: Arene - of product: Nitroarene
benzene	nitrating mixture: 1. concentrated sulphuric acid 2. concentrated nitric acid	nitrobenzene

Diazotisation
			Name: Nitration of benzene Type: Electrophilic substitution Temperature: less than 55°C Pressure: 1 atm Homologous series - of reactant: Arene - of product: Nitroarene
phenylamine	Nitrous acid (HNO2) 1. Sodium nitrite 2. Nitric or hydrochloric acid	nitrobenzene