|
Group name (or name of homologous series) |
Structure |
Example
molecule |
|
acetal |
|
|
|
acetate |
(ROAc) |
ethyl acetate EtOAc |
|
acetyl |
(RAc) |
acetyl bromide AcBr |
|
acid anhydride |
(RCO)2O |
acetic anhydride Ac2O |
|
acid halide or acyl halide |
(RCOX) |
acetyl chloride AcCl |
|
aldehyde |
(RCHO) |
propanal, C2H5CHO |
|
alkene |
|
ethene, C2H4 |
|
alkyne |
|
acetylene (ethyne), C2H2 |
|
amide |
|
butanamide, C3H7CONH2 |
|
amidine |
|
diminazene, C14H15N7 |
|
amino |
(RNH2) |
ethylamine (ethanamine, EtNH2) |
|
azo |
(RN2R) |
Methyl Orange C14H14N3O3SNa |
|
bromide |
|
tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBA), C15H12O2Br4 |
|
butyl |
|
tert-butyl lithium t-BuLi |
|
carbonyl |
(where A and B can be any atom or group) |
|
|
carboxyl or carboxylic acid |
(RCOOH) |
acetic acid, AcOH |
|
chloride |
|
phenyl chloride (chlorobenzene, PhCl) |
|
cyanohydrin (hydroxynitrile) |
|
|
|
diazonium |
|
benzene diazonium chloride PhN2Cl |
|
ester |
(RCOOR) |
ethyl hexanoate EtOOC6H11 |
|
ether |
(ROR) |
ethoxyethane, Et2O |
|
fluoride |
|
tetrafluoroethene, C2F4 |
|
guanidine |
|
cimetidine, C10H16N6S |
|
hemiacetal |
|
|
|
hydroxy |
(ROH) |
ethanol, EtOH |
|
imide |
|
|
|
imine |
|
|
|
iodide |
|
iodomethane CH3I |
|
ketone |
(RCOR) |
propanone (acetone), (CH3)2CO |
|
nitrile (cyano / cyanide) |
(RCN) |
pentanenitrile (n-butyl cyanide, n-BuCN) |
|
nitro |
(RNO2) |
2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene (trinitrotoluene, TNT) C6H3(NO2)3 |
|
nitroso |
(RNO) |
|
|
ortho ester |
|
trimethyl orthoacetate |
|
oxime |
|
|
|
phenol |
|
paracetamol (para-acetyl aminophenol) C8H9NO2
2-naphthol (2-naphthalenol, C10H7OH) |
|
phenyl |
(PhR) |
styrene (phenylethene), C6H5C2H3 |
|
sulphonic acid |
(RSO3H / RSO2OH) |
phenylsulphonic acid |
|
tolyl |
|
tri(o-tolyl)phosphine |
|
tosyl |
RTs |
Tosyl chloride TsCl |
|
tosylate |
|
n-butyl tosylate n-BuOTs |
|
triflate |
ROTf |
|
|
trifyl |
RTf |
|
|
trityl |
RTr |
|
